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Installing your application like this provides some insurance, as cpan changes the permissions of the files installed so that you can t accidentally overwrite them, and everything is installed in the appropriate location in $PERL5LIB (or %PERL5LIB% under Windows). You can then start your application server (e.g., myapp_server.pl or myapp_fastcgi.pl) from anywhere in the filesystem, rather than worrying about the actual location of the distribution directory. You might want to provide per-user configuration of your application on the same machine after a make install of your application (e.g., for a white box/generic application). One way of doing that is as follows. Before the line __PACKAGE__->setup you place the following lines: __PACKAGE__->config('Plugin::ConfigLoader' => { file => 'myapp.conf' } ); __PACKAGE__->config( 'Plugin::ConfigLoader' => { file => "$ENV{HOME}/etc/myapp.conf" } ); This allows the end user to maintain a configuration file in his home directory, with sensible defaults that can be overridden by the user. This in turn allows the end user to add new configuration items and provide new templates (by using a new value for the root configuration key if using the Template Toolkit view). An installed application with a configuration that can be overridden by the user would lend itself well to automated deployment (probably with Apache, where its modularity and flexibility become a significant strength). The easiest way to achieve this would probably be with a dynamic FastCGI back end. Having said that, in general, these kinds of decisions are best left to system administrators rather than mere application programmers.

Figure 7-4. ALTER TABLE constraint manipulation syntax Just like the CREATE TABLE command, the ALTER TABLE command also allows you to influence various physical table storage attributes. In general, you can apply any structure change to existing tables, even when they contain rows. However, there are some exceptions. For example, for obvious reasons you cannot add a NOT NULL column to a nonempty table, unless you immediately specify a DEFAULT value in the same ALTER TABLE command. Listing 7-2 shows an example. Listing 7-2. ALTER TABLE Command Example SQL> alter table registrations 2 add (entered_by number(4) default 7839 not null); Table altered. SQL> alter table registrations 2 drop column entered_by; Table altered. SQL>

Loading data into Concordance is an important administrative task Users can create new, blank records, and can hand-key data into fields directly via Concordance s Edit view There are instances in which this method of entering data into Concordance is perfectly acceptable It s also possible to import some types of electronic files into Concordance directly For example, Concordance can import individual e-mails from a Microsoft Outlook PST e-mail database file Each e-mail message is treated as a separate document record A common practice is for a Concordance administrator to rely on the services of a thirdparty vendor to oversee the conversion of paper and electronic files of a disparate nature into a format that s acceptable to Concordance This alternative is appropriate when the document universe is large, and the procedures to convert files into a Concordance-ready format exceed a department s resources.

Note The ALTER TABLE statement is probably the best illustration of the power of the relational model. Think about this: you can change a table definition while the table contains data and applications are running.

Dependencies in Catalyst are really important. In some programming circles, dependencies are seen as a bad thing. This is usually a wrong-headed attitude. Dependencies are exceptionally useful, as they represent another wheel that you don t have to reinvent. Why do the work when someone else has done it already Most of the useful modules on CPAN (and some of the useless ones) are well tested and represent a robust and compelling solution to a particular software problem. The Module::Install build system used by Perl modules, and in turn by Catalyst, provides a mechanism to track dependencies. (Recall that we introduced this system in 3.) Essentially, every time you use a new module in your code, you should add it (optionally with a minimum version number) to the Makefile.PL, for example: requires 'Moose::Autobox'; or with a minimum version specified: requires 'Moose::Autobox' => '0.09';

The RENAME command is rather straightforward. It allows you to change the name of a table or view (views are discussed in 10). Figure 7-5 shows the syntax diagram for the RENAME command.

Vendors might provide data as raw text files, or they might provide actual Concordance databases The Concordance software provides methods to import both from the Documents Import menu The Import submenu offers the following choices: Concordance Database: This is the simplest type of import If data has been provided in a Concordance format, and if the fields and data types in the import database are exactly the same as the destination database, importation can be accomplished by means of just a few mouse clicks Delimited Text: Delimited text refers to text files in which individual fields (including the full text of a document) are separated by an agreed-upon delimiter and are bracketed by an agreed-upon qualifier.